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Low-emission zones: what a car or motorhome from abroad has to sort out

A sticker, a registration before you enter, or nothing at all — city zones differ more than the signs suggest, and a plate from abroad is often treated differently. From the cities' and states' own pages; every line opens to the official words it rests on.

Read up to 2026-10-2912 entries: 7 verified, 5 partly, 0 not verifiedDownload: map · CSV
Low-emission zones: what a car or motorhome from abroad has to sort out

What changes at the border

  • Plates from abroad must be registered in Brussels (except Dutch ones), Antwerp, Kraków, Barcelona's metropolitan zones and London's ULEZ — even when the vehicle meets the standard; in Denmark, an older foreign diesel.
  • Germany's zones want a sticker on the windscreen, foreign cars too (Berlin: green); France's want Crit'Air, which a foreign car orders online.
  • The Netherlands and Warsaw need nothing registered: the rules apply to foreign cars, but there is nothing to sign up for.
  • Austria's zones ban old lorries, not cars; in Switzerland we found nothing to buy or register, except Geneva's sticker on pollution-peak days.

One by one

  • Austriaverified
    Vienna's ban covers lorries and semitrailer tractors of Euro 0 and lorries, articulated vehicles and semitrailer tractors of Euro 1 and 2 — cars are not named
    Source: wien.gv.at
    Im Jahr 2008 ist in Wien ein Fahrverbot für Lkw, die vor 1992 erstmals zugelassen wurden, in Kraft getreten. Mit einer Novelle des IG-L-Maßnahmenkatalogs 2005 im Dezember 2013 wurde das bestehende Fahrverbot für Lastkraftwagen und Sattelzugfahrzeuge der Abgasklasse "Euro 0" (das sind solche mit Erstzulassungsdatum vor dem 1. Jänner 1992) auf Lastkraftwagen, Sattelkraftfahrzeuge und Sattelzugfahrzeuge der Abgasklasse "Euro 1" bzw. der Abgasklasse "Euro 2" ausgedehnt. Betroffen ist in Wien das gesamte Stadtgebiet, inklusive Autobahnen.In English: “In 2008 a driving ban came into force in Vienna for lorries first registered before 1992. With an amendment to the 2005 IG-L catalogue of measures in December 2013, the existing ban on lorries and semitrailer tractors of emission class "Euro 0" (those first registered before 1 January 1992) was extended to lorries, articulated vehicles and semitrailer tractors of emission class "Euro 1" and "Euro 2". In Vienna the whole city area is affected, including motorways.”Stadt Wien, Fahrverbot · wien.gv.at · read 2026-10-29
    Particulate-matter driving bans apply in some federal states to lorries and semi-trailer tractors of certain emission classes (mostly Euro 2 and worse), partly regardless of weight
    Source: usp.gv.at
    Zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität gelten in einigen Bundesländern Fahrverbote wegen Feinstaub für Lkw und Sattelzugfahrzeuge verschiedener Abgasklassen (meist Abgasklasse "Euro 2" und schlechter) und zum Teil unabhängig vom Gewicht.In English: “To improve air quality, in some federal states particulate-matter driving bans apply to lorries and semi-trailer tractors of various emission classes (mostly emission class 'Euro 2' and worse), partly regardless of weight.”Unternehmensserviceportal (usp.gv.at, Federal Ministry of Finance), 'Abgasplakette für Lkw', Allgemeine Informationen · usp.gv.at · read 2026-10-29
    A truck exhaust-class sticker is required in the restricted areas of Burgenland, Vienna, Lower Austria, Styria, Upper Austria and Tyrol
    Source: usp.gv.at
    Aktuell besteht eine Abgasplakettenpflicht für Sanierungsgebiete folgender Bundesländer : Burgenland Wien Niederösterreich Steiermark Oberösterreich TirolIn English: “At present an exhaust-sticker obligation applies to the restricted areas of the following federal states: Burgenland, Vienna, Lower Austria, Styria, Upper Austria, Tyrol”usp.gv.at, 'Abgasplakette für Lkw' · usp.gv.at · read 2026-10-29
    Foreign exhaust stickers are not valid in Austria
    Source: usp.gv.at
    Ausländische Plaketten sind in Österreich ungültig.In English: “Foreign stickers are not valid in Austria.”usp.gv.at, 'Abgasplakette für Lkw', Zusätzliche Informationen · usp.gv.at · read 2026-10-29
  • Belgiumverified
    Brussels: every vehicle registered abroad (except Dutch-registered) must be registered for the low-emission zone; registration is free and valid five yearsforeign plates: register
    2 sources: lez.brussels
    To drive in the Low Emission Zone (LEZ), all vehicles registered abroad (except those from the Netherlands) must be registered. Registration is free and valid for five years. […] Cars, motorcycles, vans (under 3.5 tons), minibuses, buses/coaches, heavy goods vehicles registered abroad (except in the Netherlands). […] You can register your vehicle before you enter the LEZ or within five days of entering. […] Since 1 January 2026, Euro 5 diesel vehicles (cars and vans) have been banned from the LEZ.lez.brussels registration · lez.brussels · read 2026-10-29
    To drive in the Low Emission Zone (LEZ), all vehicles registered abroad (except those from the Netherlands) must be registered. Registration is free and valid for five years.lez.brussels (Brussels Region), 'Register my vehicle' · lez.brussels · read 2026-10-29
    Brussels: a vehicle registered abroad (except Dutch-registered) registers before entering or within five days afterforeign plates: register
    2 sources: lez.brussels
    To drive in the Low Emission Zone (LEZ), all vehicles registered abroad (except those from the Netherlands) must be registered. Registration is free and valid for five years. […] Cars, motorcycles, vans (under 3.5 tons), minibuses, buses/coaches, heavy goods vehicles registered abroad (except in the Netherlands). […] You can register your vehicle before you enter the LEZ or within five days of entering. […] Since 1 January 2026, Euro 5 diesel vehicles (cars and vans) have been banned from the LEZ.lez.brussels registration · lez.brussels · read 2026-10-29
    You can register your vehicle before you enter the LEZ or within five days of entering.lez.brussels, 'When should you register?' · lez.brussels · read 2026-10-29
    Antwerp: the whole city centre and Linkeroever are a low-emission zone, and foreign vehicles must comply too
    Source: slimnaarantwerpen.be
    The entire city centre of Antwerp and Linkeroever are a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) to ensure that air in the city becomes even cleaner. The most polluting cars are no longer welcome in the city. Foreign vehicles must also comply with local rules.Slim naar Antwerpen (City of Antwerp), 'Low emission zone' · slimnaarantwerpen.be · read 2026-10-29
    Antwerp: a vehicle that must be registered is registered free, at the latest one day after enteringforeign plates: register
    Source: slimnaarantwerpen.be
    Do you have to register your vehicle? Register it here for free no later than one day after you entered the LEZ.Slim naar Antwerpen, 'Low emission zone' · slimnaarantwerpen.be · read 2026-10-29
  • Denmarkverified
    Low-emission zones in Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Aalborg, Odense and Aarhus
    Source: miljoezoner.dk
    The low emission zones in Denmark have been introduced in Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Aalborg, Odense and Aarhus.miljoezoner.dk (Danish Environmental Protection Agency), English home page · miljoezoner.dk · read 2026-10-29
    Diesel cars and minibuses need a particulate filter or Euro 5
    Source: miljoezoner.dk
    Diesel-powered passenger cars and minibuses must have a particulate filter or be Euro 5 for legal use in low emission zones.miljoezoner.dk, English home page, 'Passenger cars and minibuses' · miljoezoner.dk · read 2026-10-29
    To enter a Danish low-emission zone, a foreign vehicle first registered before these dates must be registered: car 1 January 2011; minibus up to 3.5 t with more than nine seats 1 January 2011; van up to 3.5 t 1 September 2016; lorry over 3.5 t 1 January 2015
    Source: miljoezoner.dk
    Passenger car You must register a passenger car if it was registered for the first time before 1 January 2011 5 Minibus up to 3.5 tons and more than nine seats including the driver You must register a non-Danish minibus if it was registered for the first time before 1 January 2011 5 Van weighing up to 3.5 tons You must register a van if it was registered for the first time before 1 September 2016 5 Lorry over 3.5 tons You must register a lorry if it was registered for the first time before 1 January 2015 VImiljoezoner.dk, 'Foreign vehicles in Danish low emission zones' · miljoezoner.dk · read 2026-10-29
    Some campers are covered too; foreign vehicles over 30 years old need no registration
    Source: miljoezoner.dk
    Campers Some campers are also included in the rules. You can read more about the requirements for campers here. Foreign-registered vehicles, which are more than 30 years old, do not have to be registered.miljoezoner.dk, 'Foreign vehicles in Danish low emission zones', Campers · miljoezoner.dk · read 2026-10-29
    A foreign vehicle that must be registered is registered online no later than the day it is used in a zoneforeign plates: register
    Source: miljoezoner.dk
    Såfremt dit køretøj er omfattet af registreringspligten, skal du registrere dit køretøj online senest den dag, det skal anvendes i en miljøzone. […] En kopi af køretøjets nuværende registreringsattest. Og enten: Dokumentation for køretøjets Euronorm, hvis det ikke fremgår af registreringsattesten. En erklæring om, at køretøjet har et fabriks- eller eftermonteret partikelfilter fra en sagkyndig virksomhed eller myndighed […] Erklæringen må højst være udstedt 18 måneder før registreringen og skal være på enten dansk, norsk, svensk eller engelsk. […] Udenlandsk indregistrerede køretøjer, som er mere end 30 år gamle, behøver ikke at blive registreret. […] Registreringen er gyldig i fem år.In English: “If your vehicle is subject to the registration requirement, you must register it online no later than the day on which it is to be used in an environmental zone. […] A copy of the vehicle's current registration certificate. And either: documentation of the vehicle's Euro standard, if it is not shown on the registration certificate; or a declaration that the vehicle has a factory-fitted or retrofitted particulate filter, from a competent company or authority […] The declaration may be no more than 18 months old at the time of registration and must be in Danish, Norwegian, Swedish or English. […] Foreign-registered vehicles more than 30 years old do not need to be registered. […] The registration is valid for five years.”miljoezoner.dk, udenlandske køretøjer · miljoezoner.dk · read 2026-10-29
    A motorhome registered as a passenger car in the Danish vehicle register (DMR) follows the car rules; one first registered before 1 January 2015 and over 3.5 t in the register follows the lorry and bus rules
    Source: miljoezoner.dk
    Skal min autocamper også have et partikelfilter? Er din autocamper indregistreret som en personbil i Køretøjsregisteret (DMR), er den omfattet af miljøzonereglerne. Du kan læse mere om reglerne for personbiler. Er din autocamper indregistreret før den 1. januar 2015 og vejer over 3,5 ton i Køretøjsregisteret (DMR), er den allerede omfattet af reglerne. Du kan læse mere om reglerne for lastbiler og busser. For at kunne anvende autocamperen lovligt i miljøzonerne skal autocamperen have et partikelfilter monteret eller være en bestemt Euronorm.In English: “Does my motorhome also need a particulate filter? If your motorhome is registered as a passenger car in the vehicle register (DMR), it is covered by the environmental-zone rules. You can read more about the rules for passenger cars. If your motorhome was first registered before 1 January 2015 and weighs over 3.5 tonnes in the vehicle register (DMR), it is already covered by the rules. You can read more about the rules for lorries and buses. To use the motorhome lawfully in the environmental zones it must have a particulate filter fitted or be of a particular Euro standard.”miljoezoner.dk, svar om partikelfilter · miljoezoner.dk · read 2026-10-29
  • Franceverified
    The Crit'Air sticker is compulsory for driving in a low-emission zone (ZFE-m)
    Source: service-public.fr
    La vignette est obligatoire pour circuler dans une zone à faibles émissions mobilité (ZFE-m).In English: “The sticker is compulsory for driving in a low-emission mobility zone (ZFE-m).”service-public.fr, fiche F33371 'Vignette Crit'Air' · service-public.fr · read 2026-10-29
    It concerns motor vehicles of categories M, N and L: car, van, motorcycle, scooter, heavy vehicle
    Source: service-public.fr
    La vignette Crit'Air concerne les véhicules à moteur des catégories M, N et L : voiture, utilitaire, moto, scooter, poids-lourd…In English: “The Crit'Air sticker concerns motor vehicles of categories M, N and L: car, utility vehicle, motorcycle, scooter, heavy goods vehicle…”service-public.fr, fiche F33371 · service-public.fr · read 2026-10-29
    It is also compulsory when the prefect orders differentiated (alternating) traffic during a pollution episode
    Source: service-public.fr
    La vignette est obligatoire pour circuler lorsque le préfet instaure la circulation différenciée (alternée) lors d'un épisode de pollution.In English: “The sticker is compulsory for driving when the prefect introduces differentiated (alternating) traffic during a pollution episode.”service-public.fr, fiche F33371 · service-public.fr · read 2026-10-29
    There is a separate official online service to order the Crit'Air sticker for a vehicle registered abroad
    Source: service-public.fr
    Demander en ligne une vignette Crit'Air (certificat qualité de l'air) pour un véhicule immatriculé à l'étrangerIn English: “Apply online for a Crit'Air sticker (air quality certificate) for a vehicle registered abroad”service-public.fr, fiche F33371 · service-public.fr · read 2026-10-29
    A vehicle registered abroad orders the Crit'Air sticker on the official site with a legible photo or scan of its registration certificateforeign cars: sticker too
    2 sources: certificat-air.gouv.fr, service-public.fr
    La vignette Crit'Air est obligatoire pour circuler dans les zones à faibles émissions mobilité (ZFE-m) instaurées par les collectivités ou pour circuler lorsque le préfet instaure la circulation différenciée lors des épisodes de pollution. […] Commander votre vignette Crit'Air pour un véhicule immatriculé à l'étranger. Vous aurez besoin d'une photo lisible ou d'un scan de votre certificat d'immatriculation. 3,11 € + 2,00 € d'affranchissement hors France (soit 5,11 € par véhicule)In English: “The Crit'Air sticker is compulsory in order to drive in the low-emission mobility zones (ZFE-m) introduced by local authorities, or to drive when the prefect imposes differentiated traffic during pollution episodes. […] Order your Crit'Air sticker for a vehicle registered abroad. You will need a legible photo or a scan of your registration certificate. €3.11 + €2.00 postage outside France (i.e. €5.11 per vehicle)”certificat-air.gouv.fr · certificat-air.gouv.fr · read 2026-10-29
    Demander en ligne une vignette Crit'Air (certificat qualité de l'air) pour un véhicule immatriculé à l'étrangerIn English: “Apply online for a Crit'Air sticker (air quality certificate) for a vehicle registered abroad”service-public.fr, fiche F33371 · service-public.fr · read 2026-10-29

    How a motorhome over 3.5 t is classified for Crit'Air was not found in an official sentence.

  • Germanyverified
    A green environmental sticker (Plakette) is what Berlin's zone requires; the sticker is red for group 2, yellow for 3, green for 4
    3 sources: berlin.de, gesetze-im-internet.de
    In die Umweltzone Berlin dürfen nur schadstoffarme Fahrzeuge um die Luftbelastung durch Dieselruß (Feinstaub) und Stickoxide zu reduzieren. Diese Fahrzeuge müssen mit einer grünen Plakette gekennzeichnet sein. Für Fahrzeuge mit hohem Schadstoffausstoß gilt ein Verkehrsverbot. […] Zum Befahren der Umweltzone ist die grüne Plakette erforderlich.In English: “Only low-emission vehicles may enter the Berlin environmental zone, in order to reduce air pollution from diesel soot (particulates) and nitrogen oxides. These vehicles must be marked with a green sticker. A traffic ban applies to vehicles with high pollutant emissions. […] The green sticker is required to drive in the environmental zone.”Berlin Senate, Umweltzone Berlin · berlin.de · read 2026-10-29
    Die Farbe der Plakette ist für Kraftfahrzeuge der Schadstoffgruppe 2 rot, für Fahrzeuge der Schadstoffgruppe 3 gelb und für Kraftfahrzeuge der Schadstoffgruppe 4 grün.In English: “The colour of the sticker is red for motor vehicles of emission group 2, yellow for vehicles of emission group 3 and green for motor vehicles of emission group 4.”35. BImSchV § 3(1)-(2) · gesetze-im-internet.de · read 2026-10-29
    (1) Kraftfahrzeuge, die mit einer Plakette nach Anhang 1 gekennzeichnet sind, sind von einem Verkehrsverbot im Sinne des § 40 Abs. 1 des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes befreit, soweit ein darauf bezogenes Verkehrszeichen dies vorsieht.In English: “(1) Motor vehicles marked with a sticker as in Annex 1 are exempt from a traffic ban under § 40(1) of the Federal Immission Control Act, insofar as a traffic sign relating to it provides for this.”35. BImSchV § 2(1) · gesetze-im-internet.de · read 2026-10-29
    Berlin: visitors from abroad need the sticker too; the class comes from the European emission standard in the papers, otherwise from the year of first registrationforeign cars: sticker too
    2 sources: berlin.de, gesetze-im-internet.de
    Auch Besucher aus dem Ausland, die mit ihrem Fahrzeug nach Berlin kommen, brauchen für ihr Fahrzeug eine Umweltplakette. […] Ist aus den Fahrzeugpapieren erkennbar, nach welcher europäischen Abgasnorm das Fahrzeug im europäischen Ausland zugelassen wurde, kann die Einstufung gemäß Anhang 2 der Kennzeichnungsverordnung erfolgen. Andernfalls erfolgt die Zuordnung anhand des Jahres der Erstzulassung des Fahrzeuges.In English: “Visitors from abroad who come to Berlin with their vehicle also need an environmental sticker for it. […] If the vehicle papers show which European emission standard the vehicle was registered to abroad, it can be classified according to Annex 2 of the labelling ordinance. Otherwise the classification is made on the basis of the vehicle's year of first registration.”Berlin Senate, Umweltzone: Fahrzeuge aus dem Ausland · berlin.de · read 2026-10-29
    (2) Bei Fahrzeugen, die im Ausland zugelassen sind, wird vermutet, dass sie nach Maßgabe der Absätze 3 und 4 zu den dort aufgeführten Schadstoffgruppen gehören, wenn für diese Fahrzeuge kein Nachweis über die Einhaltung der Anforderungen nachIn English: “(2) For vehicles registered abroad, it is presumed that they belong to the emission groups listed in paragraphs 3 and 4, in accordance with those paragraphs, if there is no proof for these vehicles of meeting the requirements of”35. BImSchV § 6(2) · gesetze-im-internet.de · read 2026-10-29
    The sticker rules cover motor vehicles of classes M and N
    Source: gesetze-im-internet.de
    Die Verordnung gilt für Kraftfahrzeuge der Klassen M und N gemäß Anhang II A Nr. 1 und Nr. 2 der Richtlinie 70/156/EWG …In English: “The ordinance applies to motor vehicles of classes M and N as defined in Annex II A No. 1 and No. 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC …”35. BImSchV § 1 · gesetze-im-internet.de · read 2026-10-29
  • Italypartly verified
    Florence: the whole historic centre is a limited-traffic zone (ZTL), with electronic gates that automatically record the plate of every vehicle passing
    Source: mobilita.comune.fi.it
    Tutta l’area del centro storico di Firenze viene definita, ai fini della mobilità, Zona a Traffico Limitato (ZTL). All'interno di quest'area l’accesso, la circolazione e la sosta sono regolati da apposite norme. La ZTL è delimitata da una serie di varchi telematici su cui sono montate apparecchiature di tecnologia telepass segnalate da appositi cartelli, che rilevano automaticamente le targhe di tutti i veicoli che vi transitano.In English: “The whole historic centre of Florence is defined, for mobility purposes, as a Limited Traffic Zone (ZTL). Within this area access, driving and parking are governed by specific rules. The ZTL is bounded by a series of electronic gates fitted with telepass-type equipment, marked by signs, which automatically record the plates of all vehicles passing through.”Comune di Firenze, Mobilità, 'Zone Traffico Limitato (ZTL)' · mobilita.comune.fi.it · read 2026-10-29
    Milan Area B: every vehicle subject to the ban must register its plate before entering and request the specific derogationforeign plates: register
    Source: servizicrm.comune.milano.it
    Devo registrare la mia targa per accedere all'Area B? Sì, tutti i veicoli in divieto devono registrare la targa prima dell'accesso all'Area B e richiedere la deroga specifica.In English: “Do I have to register my plate to enter Area B? Yes, all vehicles subject to the ban must register the plate before entering Area B and request the specific derogation.”Comune di Milano support centre · servizicrm.comune.milano.it · read 2026-10-29

    Florence and Milan read; each Italian city sets its own rules. Milan's page does not say how foreign plates are treated.

  • Netherlandsverified
    Petrol, LPG and electric cars and vans may enter every low-emission zone; four cities have a zone for diesel cars and/or vans: Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Utrecht
    Source: milieuzones.nl
    Rijdt u in een personen- of bestelauto op benzine of lpg, of in een elektrische personen- of bestelauto? Dan kunt u alle milieuzones inrijden. Rijdt u in een personen- of bestelauto op diesel? Dan gelden de volgende verkeersregels. Momenteel zijn er 4 steden in Nederland die een milieuzone hebben voor personenauto’s en/of bestelauto’s die op diesel rijden: Amsterdam, Arnhem, Den Haag en Utrecht.In English: “Do you drive a car or van on petrol or LPG, or an electric car or van? Then you may enter all low-emission zones. Do you drive a car or van on diesel? Then the following traffic rules apply. At present 4 cities in the Netherlands have a low-emission zone for cars and/or vans running on diesel: Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Utrecht.”milieuzones.nl (Government low-emission zone site), 'Personen- en bestelauto's' · milieuzones.nl · read 2026-10-29
    The Hague's green zone: a diesel car may enter only with emission class 4 or higher
    Source: milieuzones.nl
    Den Haag heeft een zogenaamde groene milieuzone: Rijdt u in een personen- of bestelauto die op diesel rijdt? Dan mag u alleen in deze milieuzone komen als uw auto emissieklasse 4 of hoger heeft.In English: “The Hague has a so-called green low-emission zone: do you drive a car or van on diesel? Then you may only enter this zone if your car has emission class 4 or higher.”milieuzones.nl, 'Personen- en bestelauto's' · milieuzones.nl · read 2026-10-29
    Amsterdam, Arnhem and Utrecht have a blue zone: a diesel car or van may enter it with emission class 5 or higher
    Source: milieuzones.nl
    Amsterdam, Arnhem en Utrecht hebben een zogenaamde blauwe milieuzone: Heeft u een personen- en/of bestelauto die op diesel rijdt en een emissieklasse van 5 of hoger heeft? Dan mag u in een blauwe milieuzone komen.In English: “Amsterdam, Arnhem and Utrecht have a so-called blue low-emission zone: do you have a car and/or van running on diesel with emission class 5 or higher? Then you may enter a blue zone.”milieuzones.nl, 'Personen- en bestelauto's' · milieuzones.nl · read 2026-10-29
    Eindhoven introduces a blue zone for cars on 1 January 2027
    Source: milieuzones.nl
    De gemeente Eindhoven voert per 1 januari 2027 een blauwe milieuzone voor personenauto's in.In English: “The municipality of Eindhoven introduces a blue low-emission zone for cars from 1 January 2027.”milieuzones.nl, 'Personen- en bestelauto's' · milieuzones.nl · read 2026-10-29
    A diesel motorhome follows the same zone rules as other diesel vehicles, except an owner living in that zone
    Source: milieuzones.nl
    Kampeerwagens die op diesel rijden, mogen wel een milieuzone inrijden als de eigenaar van de kampeerwagen daar woont. In andere steden gelden voor kampeerwagens op diesel dezelfde verkeersregels bij milieuzones als voor andere dieselvoertuigen.In English: “Diesel motorhomes may enter a low-emission zone if the owner of the motorhome lives there. In other cities the same low-emission-zone traffic rules apply to diesel motorhomes as to other diesel vehicles.”milieuzones.nl, FAQ 'Kampeerwagens' · milieuzones.nl · read 2026-10-29
    The zone rules apply to foreign vehicles too — no registration in advance (except for the Maasvlakte industrial area)foreign cars: nothing to register
    Source: milieuzones.nl
    There are low-emission zones in some Dutch city centres. Municipalities create these zones to improve air quality in their cities. The rules for low-emission zones also apply to foreign vehicles. […] Vehicles using a fuel other than diesel are allowed in all low-emission zones. If you are going to be driving in a municipality that has a low-emission zone, there is no need to register in advance. You are only required to register in advance if you will be entering the Maasvlakte industrial area.milieuzones.nl (English) · milieuzones.nl · read 2026-10-29
  • Polandpartly verified
    Kraków's Clean Transport Zone: a vehicle registered abroad that enters it must be reported in the registration system, whether or not it meets the emission standardsforeign plates: register
    2 sources: krakow.pl
    Przypominamy, że każdy pojazd wjeżdżający na obszar SCT podlega określonym wymogom. Szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na pojazdy zarejestrowane za granicą — muszą one zostać zgłoszone w systemie rejestracyjnym niezależnie od tego, czy spełniają wymagane normy emisji spalin.In English: “We remind you that every vehicle entering the SCT area is subject to certain requirements. Particular attention must be paid to vehicles registered abroad — they must be reported in the registration system regardless of whether they meet the required exhaust emission standards.”krakow.pl (City of Kraków official site), notice of 4 Feb 2026 · krakow.pl · read 2026-10-29
    Przypominamy, że każdy pojazd wjeżdżający na obszar SCT podlega określonym wymogom. Szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na pojazdy zarejestrowane za granicą — muszą one zostać zgłoszone w systemie rejestracyjnym niezależnie od tego, czy spełniają wymagane normy emisji spalin. […] Rejestracja pojazdu odbywa się wyłącznie za pośrednictwem specjalnego systemu online […] System jest intuicyjny, obsługuje kilka języków i umożliwia szybkie zgłoszenie pojazdu przed wjazdem do Strefy Czystego Transportu.In English: “We remind you that every vehicle entering the SCT area is subject to specific requirements. Particular attention should be paid to vehicles registered abroad — they must be reported in the registration system regardless of whether they meet the required exhaust emission standards. […] Vehicle registration is carried out exclusively through a dedicated online system […] The system is intuitive, supports several languages and allows a vehicle to be reported quickly before entering the Clean Transport Zone.”Kraków city, SCT announcement · krakow.pl · read 2026-10-29
    Warsaw: the same rules for tourists; a car meeting the basic requirements needs no sticker and no reportingforeign cars: nothing to register
    Source: transport.um.warszawa.pl
    Czy kierowcy spoza miasta i turyści/ turystki również będą musieli spełniać wymogi SCT? Tak. Zasady SCT są jednakowe dla osób regularnie przyjeżdżających do Warszawy, jak i innych osób, w tym turystów/ turystek. […] Jeśli samochód spełnia wymagania podstawowe Strefy, nie potrzebuje nalepki. […] Wjazd takich aut nie musi być nigdzie zgłaszany. […] Za brak nalepki nie ma kary. Mandat grozi za jazdę po Strefie pojazdem, który nie powinien do niej wjechać. […] Każdy będzie miał możliwość wjazdu do SCT cztery razy w ciągu roku kalendarzowego, niezależnie od tego, czy auto spełnia normy emisji spalin. Nie będzie potrzeby zgłaszania nigdzie takiego okazjonalnego wjazdu. […] Nie. Naklejka wydana np. w Krakowie nie będzie uprawniała do wjazdu SCT w Warszawie.In English: “Will drivers from outside the city and tourists also have to meet the SCT requirements? Yes. The SCT rules are the same for people who come to Warsaw regularly and for everyone else, including tourists. […] If a car meets the zone's basic requirements it does not need a sticker. […] The entry of such cars does not have to be reported anywhere. […] There is no penalty for not having the sticker. The fine is for driving in the zone with a vehicle that should not enter it. […] Everyone will be able to enter the SCT four times in a calendar year, regardless of whether the car meets the exhaust emission standards. There will be no need to report such an occasional entry anywhere. […] No. A sticker issued e.g. in Kraków will not entitle you to enter Warsaw's SCT.”Warsaw city, SCT questions and answers · transport.um.warszawa.pl · read 2026-10-29

    Kraków and Warsaw read; other Polish zones were not. Warsaw's page refuses our checker; read by the second researcher.

  • Spainpartly verified
    Municipalities of more than 50,000 inhabitants and island territories had to set up low-emission zones before 2023
    Source: boe.es
    3. Los municipios de más de 50.000 habitantes y los territorios insulares adoptarán antes de 2023 planes de movilidad urbana sostenible que introduzcan medidas de mitigación que permitan reducir las emisiones derivadas de la movilidad incluyendo, al menos: a) El establecimiento de zonas de bajas emisiones antes de 2023.In English: “3. Municipalities of more than 50,000 inhabitants and island territories shall adopt before 2023 sustainable urban mobility plans introducing mitigation measures to reduce mobility emissions, including at least: a) The establishment of low-emission zones before 2023.”Ley 7/2021, de 20 de mayo, de cambio climático y transición energética, art. 14.3(a) · boe.es · read 2026-10-29
    Barcelona: every foreign vehicle must join the metropolitan register to drive in its zones; verification takes up to 15 days, or the immediate sporadic-access procedure lets you request up to 24 days a yearforeign plates: register
    Source: zberegistre.ambmobilitat.cat
    Todos los vehículos extranjeros deben inscribirse en el Registro metropolitano para circular por las ZBE de la metrópolis de Barcelona. El trámite de verificación de los requisitos ambientales puede llevar hasta 15 días. Si necesita acceder a las ZBE antes, elija el tipo de autorización de acceso esporádico para vehículos extranjeros (trámite inmediato para solicitar hasta 24 días de circulación al año). […] Turismos (M1) y furgonetas (N1) clasificados como eléctricos, gasolina Euro 3 […] o superior, o diésel Euro 4 o superior […] Camiones (N2, N3), autobuses y autocares (M2, M3): eléctricos, diésel, Euro 4 o superior […] Durante este periodo, mientras no se haya enviado la confirmación de la autorización, el vehículo no estará dado de alta y, por lo tanto, no tendrá autorización para circular por las ZBE […] existe una tasa de gestión de 7 € asociada a la tramitación de la inscripción de los vehículos que cumplen los requisitos de acceso a las ZBE (solo una vez).In English: “All foreign vehicles must register in the metropolitan Register in order to drive in the low-emission zones of the Barcelona metropolis. Verification of the environmental requirements can take up to 15 days. If you need to access the ZBEs sooner, choose the sporadic-access authorisation type for foreign vehicles (immediate procedure, for up to 24 days of driving a year). […] Cars (M1) and vans (N1) classified as electric, petrol Euro 3 or above, or diesel Euro 4 or above […] Lorries (N2, N3), buses and coaches (M2, M3): electric, or diesel Euro 4 or above […] During this period, until the authorisation confirmation has been sent, the vehicle is not registered and therefore has no authorisation to drive in the ZBEs […] there is a €7 management fee for processing the registration of vehicles that meet the ZBE access requirements (once only).”AMB register, foreign vehicles · zberegistre.ambmobilitat.cat · read 2026-10-29
    Madrid: a foreign vehicle enters the central zone on the same terms as the Spanish vehicle it is equated with by type and environmental class, on presenting its technical sheet, registration document and proof of ownershipforeign cars: own country's rules
    Source: madrid.es
    Se permitirá el acceso de estos vehículos a la Zona de Bajas Emisiones de Especial Protección (ZBEDEP) Distrito Centro siempre y cuando se equiparen con la tipología vehicular y las características ambientales de los vehículos matriculados en España conforme el Reglamento General de Vehículos. Así, el acceso y circulación se autorizará en los mismos términos que lo hagan los vehículos matriculados en España a los que se equiparen por tipo y clasificación ambiental. […] se deberá aportar la ficha técnica del vehículo y el permiso de circulación […] También deberá acreditarse de manera fehaciente la titularidad del vehículo. Se recomienda que dicha documentación sea aportada con la mayor antelación a la fecha prevista de acceso, a través del correo electrónico autoextranjerocentro@madrid.es o de manera presencial solicitando cita en la Oficina Especializada de Gestión de Autorizaciones de la ZBEDEP Distrito Centro, de la Calle Bustamante, 16.In English: “Access of these vehicles to the Special Protection Low Emission Zone (ZBEDEP) Distrito Centro will be allowed provided they are equated with the vehicle type and environmental characteristics of vehicles registered in Spain under the General Vehicle Regulations. Access and circulation will therefore be authorised on the same terms as for the Spanish-registered vehicles they are equated to by type and environmental classification. […] the vehicle's technical sheet and the registration document must be provided […] Ownership of the vehicle must also be reliably proven. It is recommended that this documentation be submitted as far in advance of the intended access date as possible, by e-mail to autoextranjerocentro@madrid.es or in person by requesting an appointment at the Specialised Authorisations Management Office of the ZBEDEP Distrito Centro, Calle Bustamante 16.”Ayuntamiento de Madrid, ZBEDEP Distrito Centro · madrid.es · read 2026-10-29

    Barcelona and Madrid read; other Spanish zones were not. Barcelona's city page says up to 10 permits a year; the metropolitan register, which runs the scheme, says 24 days — we show the register.

  • Swedenverified
    Municipalities may set zones of class 1, 2 or 3; class 2 covers cars, light buses and light lorries: petrol Euro 5 or 6, diesel Euro 6
    2 sources: transportstyrelsen.se
    Kommuner kan besluta om att vissa fordon stängs ute från särskilt miljökänsliga områden. Från och med den 1 januari 2020 kan kommuner införa miljözon klass 1, 2 eller 3 i sin kommun. […] Miljözon klass 2 omfattar personbilar, lätta bussar och lätta lastbilar. För att få köra i miljözon klass 2 med ett fordon med gnisttänd motor (till exempel bensinmotor) behöver fordonet uppfylla kraven för euroklass Euro 5 eller Euro 6. För att få köra ett fordon med kompressionständ motor (dieselmotor) i miljözon klass 2 måste fordonen uppfylla Euro 6. […] I miljözon klass 3 ställs högst krav. Där får endast elfordon, bränslecellsfordon och gasfordon köra […] Bestämmelserna om miljözoner regleras i trafikförordningen (1998:1276).In English: “Municipalities may decide that certain vehicles are excluded from particularly environmentally sensitive areas. From 1 January 2020 municipalities may introduce environmental zone class 1, 2 or 3 in their municipality. […] Environmental zone class 2 covers passenger cars, light buses and light lorries. To drive in a class 2 zone with a spark-ignition engine (for example a petrol engine) the vehicle must meet Euro 5 or Euro 6. To drive a compression-ignition (diesel) vehicle in a class 2 zone it must meet Euro 6. […] Class 3 has the strictest requirements. Only electric, fuel-cell and gas vehicles may drive there […] The provisions on environmental zones are laid down in the Traffic Ordinance (1998:1276).”Transportstyrelsen, Miljözoner · transportstyrelsen.se · read 2026-10-29
    Miljözon klass 2 omfattar personbilar, lätta bussar och lätta lastbilar. För att få köra i miljözon klass 2 med ett fordon med gnisttänd motor (till exempel bensinmotor) behöver fordonet uppfylla kraven för euroklass Euro 5 eller Euro 6. För att få köra ett fordon med kompressionständ motor (dieselmotor) i miljözon klass 2 måste fordonen uppfylla Euro 6.In English: “Low-emission zone class 2 covers passenger cars, light buses and light lorries. To drive in class 2 with a spark-ignition engine (for example petrol) the vehicle must meet Euro 5 or Euro 6. To drive a compression-ignition (diesel) vehicle in class 2 it must meet Euro 6.”Transportstyrelsen, 'Miljözoner' · transportstyrelsen.se · read 2026-10-29
    Class 1 zones (heavy vehicles) in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Mölndal, Uppsala, Helsingborg, Lund and Umeå
    Source: transportstyrelsen.se
    Miljözon klass 1 för tunga fordon finns idag i Stockholm Göteborg Malmö Mölndal Uppsala Helsingborg Lund Umeå.In English: “Low-emission zone class 1 for heavy vehicles exists today in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Mölndal, Uppsala, Helsingborg, Lund, Umeå.”Transportstyrelsen, 'Miljözoner' · transportstyrelsen.se · read 2026-10-29

    Whether a heavy motorhome registered in Sweden as a car falls under class 1 or 2 was not found in an official text.

  • Switzerlandpartly verified
    Geneva: during pollution peaks only motor vehicles with an authorised Stick'AIR sticker may drive in the canton's centre, 06:00–22:00
    Source: ge.ch
    During pollution peaks, traffic in the centre of the canton is temporarily prohibited to the most polluting vehicles. Only motorized vehicles with an authorized Stick'AIR sticker are permitted to travel in this zone between 06:00 and 22:00.ge.ch (Canton of Geneva), 'Stick'AIR and the differentiated traffic scheme', updated 9 Oct 2026 · ge.ch · read 2026-10-29
    Nothing to buy or register found for cars or motorhomes on official Swiss pages (other than Geneva's pollution-peak sticker)no official source found

    No official Swiss page establishes a zone, sticker or registration duty, and none says in words that there is none.

  • United Kingdompartly verified
    London's ULEZ operates 24 hours a day, every day except Christmas Day, across all London boroughs, not including the M25
    Source: tfl.gov.uk
    To help clear London's air, the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, every day of the year , except Christmas Day (25 December). The zone operates across all London boroughs, and does not include the M25.Transport for London, 'Ultra Low Emission Zone' · tfl.gov.uk · read 2026-10-29
    To drive within the ULEZ, a non-UK vehicle must meet the ULEZ standards or pay the daily charge, and must be registered with TfL even if it meets themforeign plates: register
    Source: tfl.gov.uk
    Owners of non-UK registered vehicles also need to meet the ULEZ emissions standards or pay the daily charge to drive within the zone. Vehicles need to be registered with us , even if they meet the emissions standards.Transport for London, 'Ultra Low Emission Zone' · tfl.gov.uk · read 2026-10-29
    A vehicle that does not meet the ULEZ standard and is not exempt pays the daily charge if it is a car, motorcycle, van or specialist vehicle up to 3.5 t or a minibus up to 5 t; heavier vehicles pay the London LEZ charge instead if they do not meet its standard
    Source: tfl.gov.uk
    If your vehicle doesn't meet the ULEZ emissions standards and isn't exempt, you need to pay a £12.50 daily charge to drive within the zone. This applies to cars, motorcycles, vans and specialist vehicles (up to and including 3.5 tonnes) and minibuses (up to and including 5 tonnes). Lorries, vans or specialist heavy vehicles (all over 3.5 tonnes) and buses, minibuses and coaches (all over 5 tonnes) do not need to pay the ULEZ charge. They will need to pay the LEZ charge if they do not meet the Low Emission Zone (LEZ) emissions standard. Owners of non-UK registered vehicles also need to meet the ULEZ emissions standards or pay the daily charge to drive within the zone. Vehicles need to be registered with us, even if they meet the emissions standards.TfL, ULEZ · tfl.gov.uk · read 2026-10-29

    London read; other UK clean-air zones were not.

How we checked

Each line rests on official sentences — a law, an authority, a city or the operator's own page. A line reaches the page only if its quoted words are found again on the live source page (where the site lets us check), three independent automated readings judge that the quotes support it, and a second researcher who never saw the first answers was asked the same questions. Where nothing could be confirmed the entry says so; we did not fill gaps from memory or from other lists.

This is a reading of the rules, not legal advice; the signs on the road, the operator and the police where you drive have the last word.

Spot a mistake? Tell us

Questions and answers

Answered from this page's own data, as of 29 October 2026.

Does a Finnish or Dutch car need to register for a low-emission zone?

In some cities, yes: Brussels (Dutch plates excepted), Antwerp, Kraków, Barcelona's metropolitan zones and London's ULEZ want plates from abroad registered, even when the vehicle meets the standard. Germany wants its sticker, France its Crit'Air. The Netherlands and Warsaw need nothing registered.

Is a motorhome over 3.5 t treated as a lorry?

It depends. Denmark says it in words: a motorhome first registered before 2015 and over 3.5 t follows the lorry rules, one registered as a passenger car the car rules. In London the ULEZ covers vehicles up to 3.5 t and heavier ones fall under the LEZ. Germany's sticker rules cover classes M and N whatever the weight. For France we found no official sentence.